How a civilisation capable of criticising itself comes into being

Dino Molteni30 June 2026Year I • issue 3 May–June8 minutes read

Listen

00:00 / 00:00

The thesis of this article is not about justice or anyone’s superiority over anyone else, but about the exceptional nature of the West (precisely because it departs from the norm among societies), which has been capable of building institutions devoted to fallibility: science, peer review, the separation of powers, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, adversarial proceedings, philosophical criticism, the university, constitutional revision and so on.